{"id":2956,"date":"2014-05-12T10:00:48","date_gmt":"2014-05-12T08:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alessandravita.com\/?p=2956"},"modified":"2014-11-04T11:59:37","modified_gmt":"2014-11-04T10:59:37","slug":"foreign-language-effect","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alessandravita.com\/wp\/foreign-language-effect\/","title":{"rendered":"The Foreign Language Effect &#8211; Mandela was right!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">What if I tell you that a person does not think in the same way in his\/her mother tongue and in a foreign language? Is it possibile to end up making a decision instead of another merely based on the language used in the conversation leading to such a choice? The answer is yes!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Such a phenomenon is called the Foreign Language Effect and can be wonderfully summarised with Mandela&#8217;s words:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alessandravita.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/934787_301701086626798_1113582354_n1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3115\" alt=\"Mandela\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alessandravita.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/934787_301701086626798_1113582354_n1.jpg\" width=\"960\" height=\"408\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As a matter of fact, recent studies suggest that the <strong>language you speak may surprisingly influence your moral judgement<\/strong> and, in particular, <strong>emotions may prevail in the mother tongue<\/strong>, whereas <strong>a foreign language makes you think coldly and far more rationally<\/strong>. In other words, Mandela was right! The reasons behind such a phenomenon might by several, for example, this might be\u00a0a reflection of different cultural values or it may be due\u00a0to the increased emotional distance that one experience while speaking a foreign language.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As widely known in psychology, the decision-making process is mostly monopolised by the amygdala, which controls our emotions. And the truth is that, despite the huge amount of rational data we are constantly bombarded with, <strong>it&#8217;s our emotions that lead us to make the decisions we finally make<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pragmatically speaking, what does the Foreign Language Effect imply? Among others, that in a trade negotiation using the mother tongue of the person you want to make a deal with gives you leverage.\u00a0This was, in fact, Mandela&#8217;s strategy in his secret meetings with de Klerk. But what if you don&#8217;t speak that language? Then you have two options:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">hiring an interpreter, who will turn the &#8220;Mother Tongue Effect&#8221; in your favour and you&#8217;ll be more likely to achieve the deal;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">using a<em> lingua franca,\u00a0<\/em>such as English. This might be indeed a cheaper solution, but also a counterproductive one, especially if your rhetoric skills\u00a0\u2014which are fundamental in a negotiation\u2014\u00a0in English aren&#8217;t that persuasive. On top of that, the Foreign Language Effect is playing against you, don&#8217;t forget it! This is the strategy recommended by\u00a0Willy Brandt, who said:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><span style=\"text-align: justify;\">If I am selling to you, I speak your language. If I am buying, dann m\u00fcssen sie Deutsch sprechen.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This is a very brief and coincise summary. If you&#8217;re interested in the studies behind this theory and want to read more, here are the reference sources:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Keysar, B., Hayakawa, S., &amp; Sun Gyu, A. (2012). The foreign language effect: Thinking in a foreign tongue reduces decision biases. Psychological Science, 23, 661\u2013668<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tversky, A., &amp; Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211(4481), 453\u2013458<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Costa A., Foucart A., Arnon I., Aparici M. &amp; Apesteguia J. (2014). \u201cPiensa\u201d twice: On the foreign language effect in decision making, Cognition, 130 (2) 236-254. DOI: 10.1016\/j.cognition.2013.11.010<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;\"><a title=\"Emotion and lying in a non-native language\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167876008008052\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff; text-decoration: underline;\">International Journal of Psychophysiology<\/span><\/a><\/span>:\u00a0Emotion and lying in a non-native language<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;\"><a title=\"Emotionality in a second language: it's a matter of time\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?cmd=Search&amp;doptcmdl=Citation&amp;defaultField=Title%20Word&amp;term=Opitz%5Bauthor%5D%20AND%20Emotionality%20in%20a%20second%20language%3A%20it%E2%80%99s%20a%20matter%20of%20time\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;\">Neuropsychologia<\/span><\/a><\/span>: Emotionality in a second language: it&#8217;s a matter of time<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;\"><a title=\"Your Morals Depend on Language\" href=\"http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0094842\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff; text-decoration: underline;\">PLOS ONE<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff; text-decoration: underline;\">:<\/span><\/span> Your Morals depend on the language<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/divulgame.org\/2014\/04\/03\/mandela-tenia-razon-el-efecto-de-la-lengua-extranjera\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff; text-decoration: underline;\">Divulgame.org<\/span><\/a><\/span>:\u00a0Mandela ten\u00eda raz\u00f3n: el Efecto de la Lengua Extranjera<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff; text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/guardianlv.com\/2014\/04\/moral-judgment-influenced-by-what-language-you-speak\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff; text-decoration: underline;\">Guardian Liberty Voice<\/span><\/a>:<\/span><\/span> Moral Judgment Influenced by What Language You Speak<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What if I tell you that a person does not think in the same way in his\/her mother tongue and in a foreign language? Is it possibile to end up making a decision instead of another merely based on the language used in the conversation leading to such a choice? The answer is yes! Such [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3115,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true},"categories":[155,43],"tags":[77,78,76],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.alessandravita.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/934787_301701086626798_1113582354_n1.jpg","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3hJSa-LG","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alessandravita.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2956"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alessandravita.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alessandravita.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alessandravita.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alessandravita.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2956"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/www.alessandravita.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4164,"href":"https:\/\/www.alessandravita.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2956\/revisions\/4164"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alessandravita.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3115"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.alessandravita.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alessandravita.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.alessandravita.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}